【英文文法】究竟Grammar同句子結構之間有咩關係？掌握英文句子結構秘訣！

英文

Apr 2

不論係邊份英文分卷，Grammar 都係舉足輕重嘅，Paper 1 Reading需要同學分析句子含義，辨別細節同主旨，去提升答題準確性。Paper 2透過多樣嘅句子結構同正確語法可以令文章更有吸引力，吸引讀者或老師一口氣睇落去，喺拎高分嘅過程中可謂事半功倍！至於Paper 3 Listening & Integrated Skills需要有良好語法基礎去更快理解錄音中信息，當依據錄音和資料檔做綜合寫作時，正確語法使用可以提升文章流暢度同專業感。就算係日常溝通中，如果你腦入面有住各種諗法，但又唔知點樣表達出嚟，學好句子結構就係你嘅秘密武器！

Sentence Structure 句子結構

喺我哋直落講語法前，我哋首先需要知道一啲關於句子結構嘅基礎知識。

同中文嘅「主、謂、賓」相似，英文句子同樣有結構，叫 SVO。

    
        SVO 結構示例表
    
    
            S
            V
            O
        

    
            Subject
主語
            Verb
動詞
            Object
賓語
        

            I
            am watching
            YouTube.
        

知道組成一句句子嘅成員後，跟住就係睇唔同類型嘅句子喇。

英文句子通常可以分為三類：

Simple Sentence 單句

其實就係單一句 SVO

e.g. I am watching YouTube.

Compound Sentence 複合句

由兩句或以上嘅獨立子句 (independent clause)組成，用對等連接詞 (coordinating conjunction) 連埋一齊。

e.g. I overslept this morning, therefore I was late to school.

I overslept this morning 同埋 I was late to school，呢兩句都可以獨立成句呢啲就係獨立子句啦！

THINK: 咩係 coordinating conjunction？

佢係連接詞嘅一種，主要用嚟連接兩個詞性相同嘅單字、片語或結構相似嘅句子

喺英語世界入面，主要有七種嘅對等連接詞，我哋可以用FANBOYS口訣去記：

    
        FANBOYS口訣表
    
            Letter
            Conjunction
            Example Sentence

            F
            for
            
                The teachers were frustrated, for the school had cut funding for all enrichment programs. 
*於現代英語中，「for」作對等連接詞的用法已較少見。
            
            A
            and
            
                You can leave now, and I will take care of the rest.
            
            N
            nor
            
                The students did not complete their homework, nor did they pass the test.
            
            B
            but
            
                I bumped into my teacher today, but he couldn’t recognize me.
            
            O
            or
            
                I am not sure whether I was knocked down or whether I just simply fell.
            
            Y
            yet
            
                She claimed she was feeling unwell, yet she refused to visit the doctor.
            
            S
            so
            
                It’s my first year staying at this company, so I am still unfamiliar with the operation.

而除咗 FANBOYS 之外，過渡詞 (transition word) 都可以用作連接詞，例如 ‘however’ 同埋例句入面嘅 ‘therefore’！

Complex Sentence 複雜句

同樣由兩句子句組成，但要注意同 Compound Sentence 唔同嘅係，佢係由一個獨立子句 (independent clause) 同一個從屬子句 (dependent clause) 組成。

從屬子句就係唔可以單獨成句嘅句子。

e.g. The event will be cancelled if it rains.

喺呢個例句入面， ‘The event will be cancelled’ 就係獨立子句， ‘if it rains’ 就係從屬子句喇！

Conditional Sentence 條件句

跟住嚟到講其中一個常見嘅句子結構 —— 條件句！佢大致可分為4種，分別係 Type 0、Type 1、Type 2 同埋 Type 3。

Type 0:

用以描述不可能改變嘅事實，或者當 A 條件成立時必然會發生嘅結果 B。

    
        Type 0 例子
    
            If + simple present
            simple present
        
            If you heat water to 100 degrees,
            it boils.

Type 1:

用以表示條件達成後，現實中有可能發生嘅情況。

    
        Type 1 例子
    
            If + simple present
            will + infinitive
        
            If it rains tomorrow,
            we will cancel our field trip.

Type 2:

用以表達而家或將來不太可能會發生嘅情況。

    
        Type 2 例子
    
            If + simple past
            would + infinitive
        
            If I won the lottery,
            I would travel around the world.

Type 3:

用以描述與過去已發生嘅事相反嘅假設情境，通常表示遺憾

    
        Type 3 例子
    
            If + past perfect
            would have + past participle
        
            If I had studied,
            I would have passed.

Inversion Sentence 倒裝句

根據句子內容嘅不同，倒裝句都有好多款俾你玩，換句話講即係好容易寫寫下兜埋自己入去。所以下面會有唔同例子，希望可以幫到同學釐清概念！

動詞：

上面提及過 SVO 結構，而倒裝句就係將 S 同 V 嘅次序調轉，變成 VSO 。

e.g. A list of possible solutions follow. （主動句）

將 active voice 轉為 +ing ，再放喺句子前面，變成：

Following is a list of possible solutions.

e.g. The proposal of the event is included in this file. （被動句）

將 passive voice 轉為 past participle，再放喺句子前面，變成：

Included in this file is the proposal of the event.

程度副詞：

適用於一啲顯示程度少／低嘅副詞，用法就係將副詞前置

副詞＋ has/do ＋ pronoun + verb

We did not know that May has emigrated. 🡪 Little did we know that May has emigrated.

Students nowadays seldom read books. 🡪 Seldom do students nowadays read books.

其他常用嘅副詞仲有：Hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely 等。

比較副詞：

比較副詞＋ verb ＋ ⋯

e.g. Tom’s constant noise is even more annoying.

🡪 Even more annoying is his constant noise.

e.g. The more we thought about the plan, the less we liked it.

假設關係：

將原本 If 之後嘅 be/has/should 前置

Be/had/should + pronoun + verb

e.g. If I were offered a well-paid job, I would agree. 🡪 Were I offered a well-paid job, I would agree.

負面副詞：

Inversion 可以用嚟強調負面意思，用法就係將 Not 後嘅phrase前置。

Not + phrase + did/has/will + noun + verb

e.g. He did not give the child a candy. 🡪 Not a candy did he give the child.

* 注意：若果原句有帶負面意思嘅 ‘any’ ，轉佢轉做 ‘no’

e.g. You must not tell the secret under any circumstances. 🡪 Under no circumstances must you tell the secret.

Elliptical Sentences 省略句

省略句可以有幾種用途，但要注意前後句子嘅主語必須相同。

1. 用以表示同一時間發生嘅兩件事

    
        例子 1
    
            Watching
            the movie,
            we fell asleep.
        
            -ing
            + noun
            + SVO

    
        例子 2
    
            Disappointed
            by his dishonesty,
            she decided to break up with him.
        
            past participle
            + noun
            + SVO

上面兩句都唔係用 S (subject) 開頭，而係喺後半句先出現主語

2. 用以表示因果關係

    
        例子 1
    
            Pretending
            to be a superstar,
            he made the whole class laugh.
        
            -ing
            + noun
            + SVO

    
        例子 2
    
            Given
            the permission to visit his room
            she opened his room door.
        
            PP
            + noun
            + SVO

Cleft Sentence 分裂句

將一個資訊分做兩個子句去講，咁就可以突出句子嘅其中一部分！

通常運用 Wh- 系列嘅字或 It is … that 去斬開句子。以 SVO 去睇，就係 S + that/who/which… + VO。

e.g. It was the short story that I filmed last year.

e.g. What she needs now is a listener but not a yapper.

皇牌英文課程進一步掌握英文秘訣

你掌握到英文句子嘅基本結構 (SVO)，以及介紹Simple Sentence、Compound Sentence、Complex Sentence的分別了嗎? 如果你想全面提高英文水平，深入掌握語法同句子結構嘅運用，推薦你報讀香港 Uni+ Education嘅英文補習課程，專業導師帶領你輕鬆掌握英文秘訣，令你喺考試同日常溝通中更有自信！

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KKS Team